United States (US) Tailor your antibody to your experiment, not the experiment to your antibody.
Experimental designs are getting more and more complicated, so it is important that researcher have the flexibility to choose reagents they need for their experiments instead of being constrained by what reagent companies “think” they need.
In addition to offering every antibody in multiple species and/or isotypes, we are offering every antibody with a choice of conjugates. To make this unprecedented range of choices possible we are collaborating with Innova Biosciences and utilise their range of Lightning-Link® conjugation kits which allow us to generate conjugates on-demand in record time, with products often dispatching on the day the order is placed*.
In all cases, the conjugate is attached to surface-exposed lysine residues on the antibody. Please note, some antibodies may have lysine residues in their antigen binding sites and conjugation may therefore affect binding activity. We offer this conjugation as a custom service and have not tested the performance of every antibody with every label. As a result, we cannot always guarantee activity of an antibody following conjugation.
If you are experiencing any problems with a particular conjugate you have purchased, please contact support@absoluteantibody.com and we will do our best to assist you.
Please find below a description of the available conjugates and information about storage conditions. For further information about the reagents used for conjugation, please consult the Innova Biosciences website.
*Shipping within Europe is typically overnight. Overseas shipping times vary by region according to shipping schedules and time of order placement. We start producing your custom conjugate immediately after order placement, pending orders cannot be cancelled.
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
Description: Horseradish peroxidase is a 44 kDa glycoprotein with 6 lysine residues. The enzyme label can be visualized by chromogenic reactions; for example diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H202) is converted in to a water insoluble brown pigment. Other substrates which can be used to measure horseradish peroxidase activity include ABTS, TMB and TMBUS.
Storage: Your HRP conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation.
Alkaline phosphatase (AP)
Description: Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a hydrolase enzyme that is frequently conjugated to antibodies for use in immunoassays. PNPP is a popular colorimetric substrate for AP; the product of the reaction, p-nitrophenol, can be read at 405 nM. Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate; MUP) may also be employed.
Storage: Your alkaline phosphatase conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation.
Allophycocyanin (APC)
Description: Allophycocyanin is a large 105 kDa fluorescent phycobiliprotein commonly used in FACS analysis. It absorbs at 652 nm and emits at 666 nm.
Storage: Your APC conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation. The conjugate should always be stored in the dark.
R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE)
Description: R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) is a fluorescent protein from the phycobiliprotein family, present in red algae and cryptophytes. It has three maximal absorbance values of 498, 544 and 566 nm (the optimal will depend on the application), and it has a strong emission peak at 580 nm. RPE is closely related to B-Phycoerythrin (B-PE) and these are the most intense fluorescent phycobiliproteins providing an orange fluorescence.
Storage: Your R-Phycoerythrin conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation. The conjugate should always be stored in the dark.
Streptavidin
Description: Streptavidin is a 53 kDa protein purified from Streptomyces avidinii, which has widespread applications due to its very high affinity to the vitamin biotin. Streptavidin is a tetrameric molecule, composed of four 13 kDa monomers, each of which can bind a molecule of biotin.
Storage: Your Streptavidin conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation.
Biotin (Type A or Type B)
Description: The attachment of biotin to biomolecules is an important laboratory technique. Biotin binds to the tetrameric avidin proteins, including streptavidin and neutravidin, with exceptionally high affinity, and this interaction is exploited in various applications such as western blotting, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Our biotinylation kits are optimised to create high quality conjugates and minimise assay background.
Lightning-Link® Biotin has been optimised for two separate applications:
Type A – intended for assays in which a streptavidin-labelled detection reagent will be used,
Type B – optimised for assays in which the biotinylated protein is captured by streptavidin immobilized on a surface (i.e. plates, nitrocellulose, magnetic beads etc).
Storage: Your biotin conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation.
Fluorescein
Description: Fluorescein is one of the most popular fluorescent reagents used in biological research because of its water solubility, intense fluorescence and high absorptivity. It has a peak excitation occurring at 498 nm and peak emission of 532 nm.
Storage: Your fluorescein conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation. The conjugate should always be stored in the dark.
Atto488
Description: Atto488 is one of a new generation of fluorescent labels, which has been optimised for excitation with an argon laser. It has a strong absorption at 504 nm, high fluorescence at 530 nm (extinction coefficient 9.0 x104cm-1M-1) and high quantum yield.
Storage: Your Rapid conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation. The conjugate should always be stored in the dark.
PE/Cy7
Description: PE/Cy7 is a tandem conjugate. The PE has three maximal absorbance values of 498, 544 and 566 nm with the optimal depending on the application. The PE functions as an energy donor for the Cy7. Energy is transferred from the PE to the Cy7 via energy resonance transfer. The Cy7 emits the energy received from the PE in the form of long wavelength light at 782 nm.
Storage: Your PE-Cy7 Tandem conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 3 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation. The conjugate should always be stored in the dark.
APC/Cy7
Description: APC/Cy7 is a tandem conjugate. The APC is excited at 652 nm and functions as an energy donor for the Cy7. Energy is transferred from the APC to the Cy7 via FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer). The Cy7 emits the energy received from the APC in the form of long wavelength light at 790 nm.
Storage: Your APC-Cy7 tandem conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 3 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation. The conjugate should always be stored in the dark.
FluoProbes®647H
Description: FluoProbes®647H is one of a new generation of fluorescent labels designed to label biomolecules. It has a strong absorption at 650 nm, high fluorescence at 684 nm (extinction coefficient 2.5 x105 cm-1M-1) and high quantum yield.
Storage: Your Rapid conjugate can be stored at 4 ⁰C for up to 18 months. For longer storage the conjugate can be stored at -20 ⁰C with a cryoprotectant such as 50% glycerol. The best storage conditions for any particular conjugate must be determined by experimentation. The conjugate should always be stored in the dark.