United Kingdom (UK)
Recombinant monoclonal antibody to dsRNA. Manufactured using AbAb’s Recombinant Platform with variable regions (i.e. specificity) from the hybridoma 9D5.
Alternative Name(s) of Target: double-stranded RNA; double-stranded ribonucleic acid
Immunogen: RDV-RNA-methylated bovine serum albumin complex.
Specificity: The antibody is a dsRNA-specific antibody, which does not react to ssRNA, ribosome RNA, tRNA and DNA. However, the antibody was originally developed for pan-enterovirus diagnosis.
Application Notes: The antibody binds specifically to ds-RNA, which is part of the genetic material of some viruses, such as rotaviruses and the bluetongue virus. The antibody can be used as a diagnostic tool, to determine the nature of an unknown pathogen, and could potentially be used in gene therapy (Kitagawa et al. 1977; PMID:918970). The antibody and clone J2 (Ab01299) were used for detection dsRNA of SARS-CoV antigens in IHC. While the clone 9D5 did not generate any chromogen deposit J2 was able to detect dsRNA in infected cell pellets with cytoplasmic chromogen deposits (Lean et al., 2020; PMID: 33318594). Liver and spleen samples of six animals which tested USUV positive were further immunohistochemically investigated for dsRNA expression by using the 3 different clones 9D5, K1 and J2. The amount of immunopositive cells for the expression of dsRNA differed substantially, depending on the antibody used. Detection level of dsRNA by using the 9D5 antibody remained low in comparison to K1 and J2 antibodies (Störk et al., 2021; PMID: 34921222). However, 9D5 was found to be more sensitive than the J2 and K1 for the detection of dsRNA from negative-stranded and ambisense RNA viruses, as well as single-stranded DNA viruses in IF analysis (Son et al., 2015; PMID: 26136565 and Mateer et al., 2018; PMID: 30087859). In particular, J2 antibody could detect dsRNAs derived from positive-sense viral RNA replication but generated weaker fluorescent signals than 9D5, and failed to detect dsRNAs from infection by negative RNA viruses (Son et al., 2015; PMID: 26136565). dsRNA was detectable by 9D5 during infection with many diverse positive and negative sense RNA viruses including influenza A virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, measles virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and arenavirus without the need for any signal amplification (Son et al., 2015; PMID: 26136565 and Mateer et al., 2018; PMID: 30087859). Further, immunofluorescence was performed on IIV-6-infected S2 cells (de Faria et al. 2022; PMID: 35732126) and Vero CCL81 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 using this antibody (Pohl et al., 2022; PMID: 35766385). The antibody detected dsDNA in Drosophila S2 cells infected with IIV-6 by western blot analysis (de Faria et al. 2022; PMID: 35732126).
Antibody first published in:
Kitagawa et al. Immunogenicity of rice dwarf virus-ribonucleic acid. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 122 (4), 337-343 (1977) PMID:918970
Note on publication:
Describes the production and characterisation of antibodies against double-stranded RNA found in the rice dwarf virus (RDV). the antibodies are produced in rabbits immunized with anti-RDV-RNA-methylated bovine serum albumin complexes.
Immunofluorescence staining of cells infected with a Dengue 2 virus using anti-dsRNA antibody (Ab00458) 9D5. Immunofluorescence analysis of Triton-permeabilised paraformaldehyde-fixed cells stained with the chimeric rabbit version of 9D5 (Ab00458-23.0) at 3.3 µg/ml followed by Alexa Fluor® 568 secondary antibody, showing dsRNA staining. The nuclear stain is DAPI (blue). Images are kind courtesy of Cecilia Alejandra Vazquez (IQUIBICEN (UBA-CONICET)).