United Kingdom (UK)
Recombinant monoclonal antibody to Tim-1. Manufactured using AbAb’s Recombinant Platform with variable regions (i.e. specificity) from the hybridoma RMT1-10.
UniProt Accession Number of Target Protein: Q5QNS5
Alternative Name(s) of Target: CD365; HAVcr-1; HAVCR1; Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 homolog; Kidney injury molecule 1; KIM-1; T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1; T cell membrane protein 1; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 1; T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 1; TIM-1; TIM1; TIMD-1
Immunogen: The original rat IgG2a version of this antibody was raised by immunizing SD rats with full-length Tim-1-Ig that contained both IgV and mucin domains of Tim-1. Lymph node cells were then fused with P3U1 myeloma cells and cloned creating hybridomas.
Specificity: This antibody is specific for murine TIM-1, a member of the T cell immunoglobulin domain, mucin-like domain (TIM) gene family. IgV domain of Tim-1 was proposed as the epitope of RMT1-10 (Xiao et al., 2007; pmid: 17606630). RMT1-10 did not corss-react with Tim-4-Ig fusion proteins. 3B3 - an anti-Tim-1 antibody with opposite, T-cell activatory effects blocked binding of RMT1-10 suggesting the same or very similar epitope (Xiao et al., 2007; pmid: 17606630). Different functional activity between RMT1-10 and 3B3 might stem from the fact that they exhibited different binding avidity to Tim-1 (Xiao et al., 2007; pmid: 17606630). TIM-1 has been found on CD4+ T cells, mast cells, and a subset of B cells. TIM-1 is involved in renal injury, tissue homeostasis, and T cell costimulation (positive and negative). TIM-1 can bind several ligands, including Hepatitis A virus, phosphatidylserine, TIM4, IgA, as well as itself.
Application Notes: This anti-Tim-1 antibody inhibits the generation of antigen-specific T cells, production of IFN-γ and IL-17, and development of autoimmunity, and it caused a strong Th2 response (Xiao et al., 2007; pmid: 17606630). RMT1-10 gives then rise to opposite effects than those brought about by another anti-Tim1 clone - 3B3 (Ab01032) which achtivates T-cells. The use of RMT1-10 demonstrated that binding Tim-1 can not only lead to activation of T-cells (as it had been known before) but that it can also cause the aforementioned inhibition (Xiao et al., 2007; pmid: 17606630). Consequently, the opposite antibodies RMT1-10 and 3B3 (Ab01032) can be utilized together to study various aspects of Tim-1 costimulation and its consequences. This antibody was used in multiple flow cytometry (FC/FACS) experimetns, such as identifying Tim-1-expressing EL-4 cells to determine the antibody's epitope (Xiao et al., 2007; pmid: 17606630). Furthermore, Tim-1 activation was suggested as an important factor in certain pathologies, and thus this inhibitory antibody can be useful for research on the potential treatment options. For instance, RMT1-10 was utilized in a research model of glomerular disease. It was demonstrated that crescentic glomerulonephritis, proliferative injury, and leukocyte accumulation were attenuated following treatment with RMT1-10, but interstitial foxp3+ cell accumulation and interleukin-10 mRNA were increased. Apoptosis and T-cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Th17 responses decreased both in the whole model organism as well as in kidney (Nozaki et al., 2012; pmid: 22205357). Another study showed that RMT1-10 attenuates atherosclerosis by expanding IgM‐producing B1a cells (Hosseini et al, 2018; pmid: 29936416). Finally, another group demonstrated that this clone promotes the survival corneal allografts in mice what is associated with the increase in T regulatory cells (Tan et al., 2014; pmid: 24613782).
Antibody first published in:
Xiao et al. Differential engagement of Tim-1 during activation can positively or negatively costimulate T cell expansion and effector function J Exp Med. 2007 Jul 9;204(7):1691-702. doi: 10.1084/jem.20062498. Epub 2007 Jul 2. PMID:17606630
Note on publication:
Deescribes the generation and characterization of the antibody RMT1-10.
ELISA using RMT1-10 (Ab02187) and Tim-1. The plate was coated with Tim-1 protein at 5 µg/ml. Serial dilutions of Ab02187 were prepared over a range of 3000 ng/mL to 0.0169 ng/mL. For detection, HRP-labelled anti-rabbit IgG antibody was used.